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Aggregate: what is a carbon black aggregate?


Aggregates are the smallest functional unit of carbon black. They are formed through the fusion of smaller units, called primary particles, into a three dimensional branched chain structure.
Ash content: What is carbon black ash content?


Ash content is the amount of non-carbon components present after combustion of carbon black at 550°C for 16 hours. The ASTM designation for this test is D 1506.
Ash: what is it?


Ash is measure of the inorganic content of carbon blacks and is expressed as a wt% of the carbon black. It is determined by burning a sample of carbon black under controlled conditions. Knowledge of ash content is critical when carbon black is used in certain applications which have increased demand for purity.
ASTM grades of carbon black: Do they exist for plastics?


No. The ASTM classification system is used by the rubber industry for commodity grades of carbon black. Specialty grades of carbon black are produced for plastics in best-in-class systems and have been optimized for specific applications.
Can carbon blacks be blended to achieve a balance of properties in an ink?


Carbon blacks may be blended together to achieve a desired effect.
Carbon Black: What is the carbon black content used in my formulation?


Traditionally in the plastics market where carbon black is used for color, the carbon black is supplied to a masterbatch producer who disperses the carbon black at high loadings (20 to 50% by weight, depending on the type of carbon black, type of plastic resin, and type of mixing equipment). The masterbatch supplier will then supply this product to a compounder who will dilute the masterbatch to its end-use carbon black level (typically 0.5% to 3.0% depending on the application). Carbon black can be difficult to disperse, so compounding at high carbon black loadings provides increased shear, which disperses the carbon black. Dispersion is important to product quality, and contributes to plastic compound color development, surface quality, mechanical properties and processing.
Carbon black: How is carbon black produced?


Ninety-five percent of all carbon black is made using the furnace process. The feedstock (oil) is injected into a high temperature reactor where the hydrocarbon is cracked and dehydrogenated to form carbon with a quasi-graphitic microstructure. Carbon black is composed of very small primary particles, which fuse to form branched aggregates. Post reactor operations include beading the “fluffy” low density black for improved storage and handling. Grades optimized for plastics use special manufacturing technology for improved dispersion, cleanliness and other targeted critical properties to enhance performance for specific applications.
Compound: What is a compound?


A compound is the intimate admixture of a polymer or polymers with other ingredients such as fillers, plasticizers, catalysts and colorants - prepared for further manufacturing.
Conductivity: How does carbon black make a plastic conductive?


Carbon black is more conductive than a polymer or rubber. Addition of carbon black reduces the electrical resistivity by forming a conductive network through the polymer/rubber matrix. Special grades have been developed to optimize conductivity at lower dosage while meeting all the other critical performance requirements for conductive applications. For example, carbon blacks for semi-conductive cable compounds are optimized for smoothness, conductivity, chemical cleanliness, strippability, etc.
DBPA: What is carbon black DBPA?


Carbon black DBPA measures the amount of di-butyl phthalate in cubic centimeters required to reach a maximum torque when mixed with 100 grams of carbon black (cc/100grams). DBPA is an indicator of carbon black aggregate structure. Aggregates with greater numbers of particles and more complex aggregates have more voids and thus have higher DBP demand. DBPA is valuable when used with surface area or particle size measurements. Very different carbon black grades can have very similar DBP values. When comparing carbon blacks with similar surface areas, DBP can be the predictor on how some compound properties behave. The ASTM test designation for DBPA is D 2414.